Voltage

The electrical potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V). It's the "pressure" that pushes electric charge through a circuit.

concept

Voltage

Voltage (symbol: V) is the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit.

Definition

Voltage is measured in volts (V) and represents the “pressure” that pushes electric charge through a conductor. It’s analogous to water pressure in a pipe.

Key Points

  • Voltage is a potential - it exists even when no current flows
  • Higher voltage = more “push” for electrons
  • Common values: 1.5V (battery), 3.3V (logic), 5V (USB), 12V (automotive)
  • Current: The flow of charge (measured in amperes)
  • Resistance: Opposition to current flow (measured in ohms)
  • Power: Rate of energy transfer (P = V × I)